Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a chronic mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. These mood shifts oscillate between emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). Here’s what you need to know:
Symptoms
1. Mania and Hypomania:
· Abnormally upbeat, jumpy, or wired
· Increased energy levels
· Decreased need for sleep
· Racing thoughts
· Impulsivity
· Risky behavior
· Elevated mood
· Irritability
2. Depression:
· Sadness or hopelessness
· Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
· Trouble concentrating
· Changes in appetite and sleep patterns
· Suicidal thoughts
Types of Bipolar Disorder
1. Bipolar I Disorder:
· At least one manic episode (may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes)
· Mania can trigger psychosis
2. Bipolar II Disorder:
· Major depressive episode + hypomanic episode (no full-blown mania)
· Longer depressive periods
3. Cyclothymic Disorder:
· Frequent hypomanic and depressive symptoms (less severe than major depression)
Causes
· Genetics: Often runs in families
· Brain Structure: Abnormal brain function
· Seasonal Depression and other mental health conditions
· Risk Factors: Family history, stress, substance abuse
Treatment Approaches
1. Medications:
· Mood stabilizers (e.g., Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine)
· Antipsychotic drugs (e.g., Olanzapine, Quetiapine)
· Antidepressants (carefully monitored)
2. Psychotherapy:
· Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
· Cognitive-behavioral therapy
· Psychoeducation and family-focused therapy
3. Other Treatments:
· Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe cases
· Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
When to Seek Help
If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of bipolar disorder, seek professional help promptly. Early intervention is crucial for effective management.
References:
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/condition/Bipolar-disorder/hp-Bipolar-disorder?source=conditioncdx
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9294-bipolar-disorder
